2+Nouns+and+Adjectives

View after reading and studying the lesson below.

See before or after studying the lessons below.

To be prepared for this page, go to [|www.studyspanish.com] and do the following: > > ASSIGNMENT 2 -- > __NEW RULES ABOUT NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES, AND SOME EXCEPTIONS TO THOSE RULES__ > START A __LIST__ OF WORDS THAT DO NOT FOLLOW THE RULES THAT GOVERN NOUNS > AND ADJECTIVES. THERE ARE NOT MANY OF THEM, BUT YOU MUST BEGIN TO LEARN THEM. > > **1. Most words ending in //o// are masculine and most words ending in //a// are feminine.** > **Even inanimate objects have gender in Spanish, as in many languages.** > Ejemplo: **el** chic**o**, **la** chic**a** = the boy, the girl > **el** bolígraf**o** = the ballpoint pen > **la** tiz**a** = the chalk > Ejemplos: > Nationalities show many examples of the previous rule. Notice that nationalities **DO NOT** > have capital letters, while the name of the country **DOES** have a capital letter. > **El** chilen**o** y **la** chilen**a** son de Chile. = The Chilean male and the Chilean female are from Chile. > El mexican**o** y **la** mexican**a** son de México. The Mexican male and the Mexican female are from Mexico. > **El** italian**o** y **la** italian**a** son de Italia. The Italian male and the Italian female are from Italy. > > **2. Most words ending in consonants are masculine in gender. > To make a word that ends in a cononant plural, add ES. > If a word ends in //z//, CHANGE the** z **to //c// and make it //ces//, NOT zes. > There are no ze or zes in Spanish, except at the beginning of some foreign words.** > Ejemplo: **el** lápi**z** = the pencil > l**os** lápi**ces** = the pencils (No //ze// or //zes// in Spanish!! Change to **//ce//** or //**ces**//!!! > > **el** pape**l** = the paper > l**os** pape**les** = the papers > > **3. Some of the __exceptions__ to these rules are the following:** > or Words Ending in -ista** || **Compound Words= > Always Masculine** || > || **el** mapa = = || **la** pared = = > the wall || **el** sacapuntas = the pencil sharpener > **los** sacapuntas = the pencil sharpeners || > || **el** drama = the drama || **la** catedral = the cathedral || **el** aguafiestas = the party pooper (even if she is a girl party pooper) > **los** aguafiestas = the party poopers || > || **el** programa = the program || **el** modelo**, la** modelo = the model (male or female) ||  || > || **el** tema = the theme || **el** pianista**, la** pianista = the pianist > (male or female) ||   || > ||   || **el** piloto, **la** piloto = the pilot > (male or female) ||  || > ||  ||   ||   || > ||   ||   ||   || > ||   ||   ||   || > ||   ||   ||   || > **2. Words that end in -ción, -cián -sión, -sián or -ciones, -cianes, -siones, -sianes are > ALWAYS FEMININE. Notice that the plural forms lose the accents.** > || la denominación = the denomination || las denominaciones = the denominations || > || la profesión = the profession || las profesiones = the professions || > || la decisión = the decision || las decisiones = the decisions || > ||  ||   || > ||   ||   || > ||   ||   || > ||   ||   || > To make a word ending in a consonant plural, add ES. > To make a word ending in z plural, add CES.** > || la calidad = the quality || las calidad**es** = the qualities || > || la ciudad = the city || las ciudad**es** || > || la voluntad = the will to do something || las voluntad**es** || > || la juventud = the youth || las juventud**es** || > || la niñez = the childhood || las niñe**ces** (no zes in Spanish) || > || la vejez = the old age || las veje**ces** (no zes in Spanish) || > ||  ||   ||
 * 1) [|Adjectives I]
 * 2) [|Basic Quiz]
 * 3) [|Mini-Test]
 * 4) [|Oral 1]
 * 5) [|Podcast]
 * 6) [|Quiz 2]
 * 7) [|Quiz 3]
 * 8) [|Quiz 4]
 * 9) [|Oral 2]
 * 10) [|Test 2]
 * 11) [|Final]
 * 12) [|Adjectives II]
 * **Words from Greek (ama, ema)** || **Other Foreign Words
 * la asociación = the association || las asociaciones = the associations ||
 * 3. Words ending in -dad, -tad, -tud, and -tez are ALWAYS FEMININE.
 * la edad = the age (of a person) || las edad**es** = the ages ||